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New American Funerals

Notes

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  1.  Inc, Gallup. 2007. “Religion.” Gallup.com. June 8, 2007. news.gallup.com/poll/1690/religion.aspx

  2. A. R. Blackshield, Michael Coper, David Brown, and Richard Krever. 1986. The Judgments of Justice Lionel Murphy. Sydney: Primavera Press.

  3. Alan D. Wolfelt, 2016. “Why Is the Funeral Ritual Important?” Center for Loss & Life Transition. December 16, 2016. www.centerforloss.com/2016/12/funeral-ritual-important

  4. Eric Layer. 2020. The Right Way of Death : Restoring the American Funeral Business to Its True Calling. Albuquerque: M Path Publishing.

  5. Alan D. Wolfelt, 2016. “Why Is the Funeral Ritual Important?” Center for Loss & Life Transition. December 16, 2016. www.centerforloss.com/2016/12/funeral-ritual-important

  6. Barry Yeoman. 2018. “When Animals Grieve.” National Wildlife Federation. January 30, 2018. www.nwf.org/Home/Magazines/National-Wildlife/2018/Feb-Mar/Animals/When-Animals-Grieve
    (While many animals will mourn beloved others like children or partners, currently chimpanzees, magpies, and African elephants exhibit ritualized burial of their own community members, with moments of silence, preparing the body using flowers and foliage, and physical gestures.)  

  7. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross. 1969. On Death and Dying. London: Routledge.

  8. This is not meant to invalidate Kübler-Ross’s fascinating and important work on death and dying, simply to counteract popular and widely held beliefs.

  9. Camille B. Wortman and Roxane C. Silver. 1989. “The Myths of Coping with Loss.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 57 (3): 349–57. doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.57.3.349

  10. Research Group, Pew. 2019. “In U.S., Decline of Christianity Continues at Rapid Pace.” Pew Research Center’s Religion & Public Life Project. October 17, 2019. www.pewresearch.org/religion/2019/10/17/in-u-s-decline-of-christianity-continues-at-rapid-pace

  11. Gregory A. Smith. 2021. “About Three-In-Ten U.S. Adults Are Now Religiously Unaffiliated.” Pew Research Center’s Religion & Public Life Project. December 14, 2021. www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/12/14/about-three-in-ten-u-s-adults-are-now-religiously-unaffiliated

  12. “New Orleans Second Line Parade | History and Traditions.” n.d. NewOrleans.com. Accessed August 2, 2022. www.neworleans.com/things-to-do/music/history-and-traditions/second-lines

  13. Rachel Siegel. 2019. “Where Gun Violence Abounds, Honoring Loved Ones with ‘Rest in Peace’ Shirts.” Washington Post, August 10, 2019. www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/08/10/mass-shootings-everyday-grief-honoring-loved-ones-with-rest-peace-shirts

  14. “Roadside Memorial.” 2022. Wikipedia. June 10, 2022. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadside_memorial

  15. ‌“Ghost Bike.” 2021. Wikipedia. May 10, 2021. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_bike

  16. ‌SurferToday.com, Editor at. 2020. “Paddle-Out: The Origins of the Surfers Memorial Circle.” Surfertoday. June 11, 2020. www.surfertoday.com/surfing/paddle-out-the-origins-of-the-surfers-memorial-circle

  17. “San Francisco’s Chinatown Funeral Bands.” 2010. YouTube. Associated Press. March 12, 2010. www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvhmCD38FrA

  18. Lee Webster. n.d. “Legal Requirements by State.” New Hampshire Funeral Resources & Education. Accessed August 2, 2022. www.nhfuneral.org/legal-requirements-by-state.html

  19. “2021 NFDA Cremation and Burial Report.” Editors. 2021. Brookfield, WI: National Funeral Directors Association.

  20. “State Requirements.” 2019. National Home Funeral Alliance. 2019. www.homefuneralalliance.org/state-requirements.html

  21. “State Requirements.” 2019. National Home Funeral Alliance. 2019. www.homefuneralalliance.org/state-requirements.html

  22. Editors. 2021. “2021 NFDA Cremation and Burial Report.”

  23. Maria McGinnis. 2021. “With No Clear Guidelines on Documenting Transgender Deaths, Advocates & Community Members Must Take Matters into Their Own Hands.” The Buckeye Flame. September 7, 2021. www.thebuckeyeflame.com/2021/09/07/documenting-trans-deaths

  24. Amy Cunningham, Funeral Director at Fitting Tribute Funeral Services (Brooklyn, NY) coined the terms opportunities for ceremony and ceremony gestures as they relate to funeral celebrants. 

  25. For more information visit the National Home Funeral Alliance at www.homefuneralalliance.org/state-requirements.html

  26. “2021 NDFA Cremation & Burial Report,” 2021. National Funeral Directors Association. 

  27. Church Of England. 1687. The Book of Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments and Other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church of England : With the Psalter, or Psalms of David. London: Thomas Guy.

  28. Christopher Klein. 2022. “Abraham Lincoln’s Funeral Train: How America Mourned for Three Weeks.” History. A&E Television Networks. February 7, 2022. www.history.com/news/abraham-lincoln-funeral-train

  29. “Queen Victoria’s Funeral (1901).” 2014. YouTube. British Pathé. 2014. www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9yiG3EUz_A

  30. “Humanism and Its Aspirations: Humanist Manifesto III, a Successor to the Humanist Manifesto of 1933.” 2003. American Humanist Association. 2003. www.americanhumanist.org/what-is-humanism/manifesto3

  31. Anne Sladon and Sara Thompson. 2008. “Funny and Wise Eulogy.” YouTube. 2008. www.youtube.com/watch?v=73Qc9D3m8y8

  32. Mona Simpson. 2011. “Opinion: A Sister’s Eulogy for Steve Jobs.” The New York Times, October 30, 2011, sec. Opinion. www.nytimes.com/2011/10/30/opinion/mona-simpsons-eulogy-for-steve-jobs.html

  33. Bill Withers. 1971. Ain’t No Sunshine. Vinyl. Rutherford, NJ: Sony Music Entertainment. open.spotify.com/track/1k1Bqnv2R0uJXQN4u6LKYt?si=255fb6fb91a34e68

  34. Pentatonix. 2019. The Sound of Silence. Digital. New York, NY: RCA Records. open.spotify.com/track/0ZFeVCKCMCXUQ1TKVd2azW?si=3d090d4f7086421f

  35. Christoph Willibald Gluck. Orfeo Ed Euridice: Dance of the Blessed Spirits (Act II). Performed by the Berliner Philharmoniker. 1995. Vinyl. Hilversum, Netherlands: Deutsche Grammophon/PolyGram. open.spotify.com/track/6JoMhlsYqtzwBCVZaEdO6j?si=c6281f6bbcd54bce

  36. ‌Jule Styne. 1968. Don’t Rain on My Parade. Performed by Barbra Streisand. Vinyl. Rutherford, NJ: Sony Music Entertainment. open.spotify.com/track/1zf8Xmj66XRiI6Etw2Ddu7?si=c83b34eba4604d87

  37. Soulz Talosaga. 2015. “Tribute Hakaz for Jonah Lomu.” YouTube. Rugby Rampage. 2015. www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovd3v0CPXJA

  38. Rosalie Kuyvenhoven. 2018. “Dementia-Friendly Funerals.” www.ritualstoday.co.uk. Rituals Today. October 22, 2018. www.ritualstoday.co.uk/how-to-have-a-dementia-friendly-funeral

  39. Robert ‌Olson. 2018. “Suicide and Language.” Centre for Suicide Prevention. Centre for Suicide Prevention. 2018. www.suicideinfo.ca/resource/suicideandlanguage

  40. Thomas Niederkrotenthaler et al. 2020. “Association between Suicide Reporting in the Media and Suicide: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” BMJ, no. 368 (March): 575. doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m575

  41. Peter S. Bearman and James Moody. 2004. “Suicide and Friendships among American Adolescents.” American Journal of Public Health 94 (1): 89–95. doi.org/10.2105/ajph.94.1.89

  42. Robert Preit. 2016. “Family, Friends of Suicide Victims at Higher Risk.” WebMD. WebMD. 2016. www.webmd.com/mental-health/news/20160126/suicide-risk-rises-among-family-friends-of-suicide-victims-study

  43. Megan Brenan. 2018. “Americans’ Strong Support for Euthanasia Persists.” Gallup. Washington, D.C.: Gallup Organization. news.gallup.com/poll/235145/americans-strong-support-euthanasia-persists.aspx

  44. Brandon Tensley and Veronica Stracqualursi. 2020. “Breaking down the Significance of John Lewis’ Funeral Service.” CNN. CNN. July 31, 2020. www.cnn.com/2020/07/31/politics/john-lewis-atlanta-funeral-service/index.html

  45. “Rabbi Salary.” 2022. Www.payscale.com. PayScale. July 10, 2022. www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Rabbi/Salary

  46. Editorial Team. 2022. “How Much Do Priests Get Paid?” Indeed Career Guide. Indeed. May 3, 2022. www.indeed.com/career-advice/pay-salary/how-much-do-priests-get-paid

  47. “Gender Dominance in Funeral Service Is Changing.” 2021. NFDA.org. National Funeral Directors Association. May 7, 2021. nfda.org/news/blog/gender-dominance-in-funeral-service

  48. “Arranging Funeral Director Demographics and Statistics: Number of Arranging Funeral Directors in the US.” 2021. Zippia.com. Zippia. January 29, 2021. www.zippia.com/arranging-funeral-director-jobs/demographics

  49. Joan C.‌ Williams. 2022. “Stop Asking Women of Color to Do Unpaid Diversity Work.” Washington Post, April 14, 2022. www.washingtonpost.com/business/stop-asking-women-of-color-to-do-unpaid-diversity-work/2022/04/14/aed6f626-bc03-11ec-a92d-c763de818c21_story.html

  50. “Quantifying America’s Gender Wage Gap by Race/Ethnicity.” 2022. NationalPartnership.org. Washington, D.C.: The National Partnership for Women & Families. www.nationalpartnership.org/our-work/resources/economic-justice/fair-pay/quantifying-americas-gender-wage-gap.pdf

  51. Gus Wezerek and Kristen R. Ghodsee. 2020. “Women’s Unpaid Labor Is Worth $10,900,000,000,000.” The New York Times, March 5, 2020, sec. Opinion. www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/03/04/opinion/women-unpaid-labor.html

  52. ‌“Arranging Funeral Director Demographics and Statistics: Number of Arranging Funeral Directors in the US.” 2021. Zippia.com. Zippia. January 29, 2021. www.zippia.com/arranging-funeral-director-jobs/demographics

  53. “Arranging Funeral Director Demographics and Statistics: Number of Arranging Funeral Directors in the US.” 2021. Zippia.com. Zippia. January 29, 2021. www.zippia.com/arranging-funeral-director-jobs/demographics

  54. Doug Moore. 2015. “African-American Woman Hopes to Break down Racial Barrier in Funeral Home Business.” STLtoday.com. St. Louis Post Dispatch. February 15, 2015. www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/african-american-woman-hopes-to-break-down-racial-barrier-in-funeral-home-business/article_0fdda64d-64b3-5b2e-91d4-efa3fdd051b9.html

  55. ‌“Arranging Funeral Director Demographics and Statistics: Number of Arranging Funeral Directors in the US.” 2021. Zippia.com. Zippia. January 29, 2021. www.zippia.com/arranging-funeral-director-jobs/demographics

  56. “Arranging Funeral Director Demographics and Statistics: Number of Arranging Funeral Directors in the US.” 2021. Zippia.com. Zippia. January 29, 2021. www.zippia.com/arranging-funeral-director-jobs/demographics

  57. Matt Dayhoff. 2014. “Cemetery Overcrowding around the World – the Eye.” Journal Star Photos. Journal Star. October 22, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20220618043839/blogs.pjstar.com/eye/2014/10/22/cemetery-overcrowding-around-the-world/

  58. Emiko Jozuka. 2016. “Death Is a High-Tech Trip in Japan’s Futuristic Cemeteries.” Vice.com. Vice. March 2, 2016. www.vice.com/en/article/9a3a5a/death-is-a-high-tech-trip-in-japans-futuristic-cemeteries

  59. Jorge Casuso. 2019. “Futuristic Architect Envisions Crematorium off Santa Monica Beach.” Surfsantamonica.com. Surf Santa Monica. July 16, 2019. www.surfsantamonica.com/ssm_site/the_lookout/news/News-2019/July-2019/07_16_2017_Futuristic_Architect_Envisions_Eco_Crematorium_Off_Santa_%20Monica_Beach.html

  60. Christopher Coutts, Carlton Basmajian, Joseph Sehee, Sarah Kelty, and Patrice C. Williams. 2018. “Natural Burial as a Land Conservation Tool in the US.” Landscape and Urban Planning 178 (October): 130–43. doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.05.022

  61. Richard Fry and Kim Parker. 2018. “Early Benchmarks Show ‘Post-Millennials’ on Track to Be Most Diverse, Best-Educated Generation Yet.” Pew Research Center. Social & Demographic Trends Project. Pew Research Center. November 15, 2018. www.pewsocialtrends.org/2018/11/15/early-benchmarks-show-post-millennials-on-track-to-be-most-diverse-best-educated-generation-yet

  62. Katya Moorman. 2019. “Die Fabulously: Rethinking What We Wear in the Casket.” NoKillMag. No Kill Magazine. June 17, 2019. www.nokillmag.com/articles/die-fabulously

  63. Kami Fletcher. 2019. “Decolonizing Death Studies.” Radical Death Studies. The Collective for Radical Death Studies. August 10, 2019. radicaldeathstudies.com/2019/08/10/decolonizing-death-studies

  64. Brad Rex. 2015. A Good Goodbye: Reinventing the Funeral Experience. Interview by Gail Rubin. Funeral Radio. funeralradio.com/a-good-goodbye/reinventing-the-funeral-experience-with-brad-rex

  65. Phineas Harper. 2016. “‘My Trainers Are More Customised than My Funeral.’” Dezeen.com. Dezeen. November 24, 2016. www.dezeen.com/2016/11/24/death-design-trainers-more-customised-than-funeral-rituals-phineas-harper-opinion

  66. Cremation Association of North America. 2020. “Industry Professionals Discuss the Future of Funerals.” Webinar. ConnectingDirectors.com. Connecting Directors. November 17, 2020. connectingdirectors.com/58048-industry-professionals-discuss-the-future-of-funerals

  67. ‌Chris Godfrey. 2019. “The Griefbot That Could Change How We Mourn.” The Daily Beast, April 29, 2019, sec. science. www.thedailybeast.com/the-griefbot-that-could-change-how-we-mourn

  68. Alex Martin. 2017. “High Tech, IT and Robots Are at Forefront of Japan’s Funeral Industry Boom.” JapanTimes.com. The Japan Times. September 25, 2017. www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/09/25/reference/high-tech-robots-forefront-japans-funeral-industry-boom

  69. Lex Berko. 2014. “Death on the Internet: The Rise of Livestreaming Funerals.” TheAtlantic.com. The Atlantic. December 15, 2014. www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/12/death-on-the-internet-the-rise-of-livestreaming-funerals/383646

  70. Amy Frearson. 2020. “Common Accounts Designs an Eco-Friendly Funeral for the Digital Age.” Dezeen.com. Dezeen. February 29, 2020. www.dezeen.com/2020/02/29/common-accounts-eco-friendly-funeral-virtual-afterlife

  71. Eleanor Cummins. 2021. “How ‘Big Funeral’ Made the Afterlife so Expensive.” Wired. Conde Nast. October 1, 2021. www.wired.com/story/death-funeral-industry-lobbying-politics-health

  72. William G. Gale, Hilary Gelfond, Jason Fichtner, and Benjamin H. Harris. 2020. “The Wealth of Generations, with Special Attention to the Millennials.” Brookings.com. Brookings. www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Generations-Working-Paper-2.pdf

  73. Several examples show a range of new approaches to end-of-life arrangements, design, and rituals. Consider London’s newest modern funeral home, Professor Neri Oxman’s death masks, and even the variety of funeral urns now available: “Exit Here.” 2022. Exit Here. 2022. www.exithere.com ; “Neri Oxman’s New Death Masks Contain Pigment-Producing Microorganisms.” 2018. Video. YouTube. Dezeen. April 26, 2018. www.youtube.com/watch?v=9g0w6rpjvvE ; Elizabeth Stokes. n.d. “Urns and Funeral Vessels.” Pinterest. www.pinterest.com/ceremoniesforlifeanddeath/urns-and-other-vessels

  74. Some of the many companies and organizations offering improved customer experiences for end-of-life needs are: Funeral Consumers Alliance, funerals.org ; Cake. www.joincake.com ; Funeral Wise. www.funeralwise.com ; Inmemori. en.inmemori.com ; Lantern. www.lantern.co ; RoundGlass EOL. roundglass.com/living/end-of-life 

  75. Editors. 2017. “U.S. Population by Generation, 2017.” Statista.com. Statista. 2017. www.statista.com/statistics/797321/us-population-by-generation

  76. Eleanor Cummins. 2020. “Why Millennials Are the ‘Death Positive’ Generation.” Vox. VoxMedia. January 15, 2020. www.vox.com/the-highlight/2020/1/15/21059189/death-millennials-funeral-planning-cremation-green-positive

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